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The SNARE protein FolVam7 mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are conserved in fungi, plants and animals. The Vam7 gene encodes a v-SNARE protein that involved in vesicle trafficking in fungi. Here, we identified and characterized the function of FolVam7, a homologue of the yeast SNARE protein Vam7p in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), a fungal pathogen of tomato. FolVam7 contains SNARE and PX (Phox homology) domains that are indispensable for normal localization and function of FolVam7. Targeted gene deletion showed that FolVam7-mediated vesicle trafficking is important for vegetative growth, asexual development, conidial morphology and plant infection. Further cytological examinations revealed that FolVam7 is localized to vesicles and vacuole membranes in the hyphae stage. Moreover, the ΔFolvam7 mutant is insensitive to salt and osmotic stresses and hypersensitive to cell wall stressors. Taken together, our results suggested that FolVam7-mediated vesicle trafficking promotes vegetative growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of Fol
ER-Mitochondria Crosstalk during Cerebral Ischemia: Molecular Chaperones and ER-Mitochondrial Calcium Transfer
It is commonly believed that sustained elevations in the mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration are a major feature of the intracellular cascade of lethal events during cerebral ischemia. The physical association between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, known as the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), enables highly efficient transmission of Ca2+ from the ER to mitochondria under both physiological and pathological conditions. Molecular chaperones are well known for their protective effects during cerebral ischemia. It has been demonstrated recently that many molecular chaperones coexist with MAM and regulate the MAM and thus Ca2+ concentration inside mitochondria. Here, we review recent research on cerebral ischemia and MAM, with a focus on molecular chaperones and ER-mitochondrial calcium transfer
Theoretical study on pp --> p n pi+ reaction at medium energies
The reaction is a channel with the largest total cross
section for pp collision in COSY/CSR energy region.
In this work, we investigate individual contributions from various and
resonances with mass up to about 2 GeV for the
reaction. We extend a resonance model, which can reproduce the observed total
cross section quite well, to give theoretical predictions of various
differential cross sections for the present reaction at GeV. It
could serve as a reference for identifying new physics in the future
experiments at HIRFL-CSR.Comment: talk at STORI08, Sept. 2008, Lanzhou, Chin
Deep Instance Segmentation with Automotive Radar Detection Points
Automotive radar provides reliable environmental perception in all-weather
conditions with affordable cost, but it hardly supplies semantic and geometry
information due to the sparsity of radar detection points. With the development
of automotive radar technologies in recent years, instance segmentation becomes
possible by using automotive radar. Its data contain contexts such as radar
cross section and micro-Doppler effects, and sometimes can provide detection
when the field of view is obscured. The outcome from instance segmentation
could be potentially used as the input of trackers for tracking targets. The
existing methods often utilize a clustering based classification framework,
which fits the need of real-time processing but has limited performance due to
minimum information provided by sparse radar detection points. In this paper,
we propose an efficient method based on clustering of estimated semantic
information to achieve instance segmentation for the sparse radar detection
points. In addition, we show that the performance of the proposed approach can
be further enhanced by incorporating the visual multi-layer perceptron. The
effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results on the
popular RadarScenes dataset, achieving 89.53% mCov and 86.97% mAP0.5, which is
the best comparing to other approaches in the literature. More significantly,
the proposed algorithm consumes memory around 1MB, and the inference time is
less than 40ms. These two criteria ensure the practicality of the proposed
method in real-world system
Seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Tien Shan and its adjacent areas
The Tien Shan and its adjacent areas have been a prime place to understand the process of continental collision, the mechanism of mountain building and the interaction of tectonic blocks. In this study, we collect seismic data recorded by 74 broad-band stations from the China Provincial Digital Seismic Networks and the Regional Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan Networks between January, 2007 and September, 2009. A joint inversion technique that combines three types of datasets (receiver functions, phase velocities of Rayleigh wave measured from both ambient noise and teleseismic earthquake data) is applied to image the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Tien Shan and its adjacent areas. The average crustal thickness in the study area is about 50 km, however, the Moho depth extends to ∼70 km beneath the Kyrgyz Platform near the southwestern Tien Shan. Our velocity models show a good correlation with subsurface geological features at shallow depths: low velocities are predominantly observed beneath the basins due to thick sedimentary layer, whereas high velocities are mainly distributed beneath the mountain ranges due to crystalline basement rocks. In the upper mantle a low velocity zone is obviously observed beneath the western Tien Shan. Both the crust thickness and S wave velocity structure of the Tien Shan and its adjacent regions display obvious horizontal and vertical heterogeneities from west to east, which suggests that the far-field effects of the collision between Eurasian plate and Indian plate plays an important role in the tectonic activity of the Tien Shan. The apparent velocity heterogeneities beneath the northern Tarim Basin may indicate that the Tarim Basin may have been eroded and damaged by upwelling hot materials from the upper mantle
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